The Keto Diet: A Complete Guide for Women Over 40

The Keto Diet: A Complete Guide for Women Over 40

I don’t know about you, but when I first heard about keto, I was pretty turned off. It wasn’t because I didn’t believe in the science behind it—I’ve always been curious about nutrition and how food affects our bodies—but because of the way so many people were doing it. Dirty keto. Maybe you’ve heard of it? The idea of filling my plate with processed meats, cheeses, and low-quality fats just didn’t sit right with me. And that’s what I saw all over social media. People were diving into the keto craze with bacon-wrapped everything and cheese-loaded casseroles, and it just felt like another fad diet, another hamster wheel of bad habits dressed up as a quick fix.

Fast forward ten years, and here I am, certified in Applied Ketogenic diets. If you had told me back then that I’d be here now, talking about keto with passion and purpose, I might not have believed you. But here’s the thing: There is a HUGE difference between dirty keto and clean keto. And once I started learning about that distinction, everything changed.

What I discovered—and what I’m excited to share with you—is that keto, when done right, can be an incredibly powerful tool, especially for women in their 40s and 50s. But it’s not just about cutting carbs and piling on the butter. It’s about nourishing your body with real, whole foods that support your health in a way that feels sustainable, not restrictive.

If you’re anything like me, you’ve probably tried a bunch of different diets over the years. I’ve been there too, bouncing between methods that promised results but left me feeling stuck and frustrated. Keto is different when it’s approached with the right mindset and the right foods. So, let’s talk about what keto really is, how it can work for you, and how to do it in a way that feels good for your body and your life. Ready to dive in? Let’s get real about keto.

Understanding Keto: The Basics

Alright, let’s break it down. What exactly is keto? You’ve probably heard the word tossed around in conversations about weight loss, or maybe you’ve seen keto-friendly labels at the grocery store. But let’s get real about what it actually means.

At its core, the ketogenic diet is all about shifting your body from burning carbohydrates (which is what most of us are used to) to burning fat for fuel. When you eat a standard diet, your body converts the carbs you eat into glucose, which is then used for energy. But when you drastically reduce your carb intake, your body doesn’t have enough glucose to rely on, so it switches gears. This is where ketosis comes in. In ketosis, your liver starts breaking down fat into molecules called ketones, which your body then uses as an alternative energy source. Essentially, you’re turning your body into a fat-burning machine.

Now, here’s the kicker: Keto isn’t just about losing weight. There are plenty of benefits beyond the scale, especially for women in midlife. For one, it can help stabilize blood sugar levels, which is a game-changer for anyone dealing with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. It’s also been shown to reduce inflammation, which can be a huge help with joint pain and other inflammatory conditions that tend to creep up as we get older. Plus, many women report increased mental clarity and focus on keto—no more brain fog that sometimes feels inevitable as the years go by.

But, and this is important, keto isn’t one-size-fits-all. How your body responds to it depends on factors like your metabolism, hormones, and overall health. This is why clean keto is so crucial. It’s not about eating just any low-carb food that fits your macros; it’s about fueling your body with nutrient-dense, high-quality foods that actually support your health. When you focus on whole foods—like leafy greens, avocados, wild-caught fish, and grass-fed meats—you’re giving your body what it needs to thrive, not just survive.

So, yes, keto can be a powerful tool, but it’s not about grabbing the first “keto” snack you see on the shelf. It’s about being mindful of what you’re putting into your body and understanding that the quality of your food matters just as much as the quantity. If you approach keto with that mindset, you’ll be setting yourself up for success, not just another diet rollercoaster.

Is Keto Right for You?

Let’s get real: Keto isn’t for everyone, and that’s okay. Before diving headfirst into any diet, it’s important to take a step back and assess whether it aligns with your goals, lifestyle, and health needs. So, how do you know if keto is right for you?

Start by asking yourself what your primary goals are. If you’re looking for quick weight loss, keto might seem like the perfect fit, but here’s the truth: It’s not a magic bullet. Yes, keto can help with weight loss, especially in the beginning, but if that’s your only goal, you might find yourself frustrated down the road. Keto works best when you’re in it for the long haul—when you’re committed to making it part of your lifestyle, not just a temporary fix.

Think about your lifestyle, too. Keto requires some planning, especially in the beginning, and it might mean making some changes to your daily routine. Are you ready to be more mindful about your food choices? Are you prepared to handle social situations where keto-friendly options might not be available? These are important questions to consider because keto is more than just a diet; it’s a shift in how you approach food.

Now, let’s address the elephant in the room: all the misconceptions out there about keto. One of the biggest myths is that keto is just about eating bacon and butter all day long. Remember when I mentioned dirty keto earlier? That’s where this misconception comes from. Some people do keto by focusing on low-carb processed foods, but that’s not what we’re talking about here. Clean keto is about whole, unprocessed foods that nourish your body from the inside out. So, if you’re willing to focus on quality and make your health a priority, keto could be a great fit for you.

Let me share a bit of my own journey. When I first learned about keto, I was skeptical. Like many of you, I had tried different diets before—some with more success than others—and I wasn’t sure I wanted to jump on another bandwagon. But once I understood the difference between dirty keto and clean keto, everything changed. I realized that keto could be tailored to my body and my needs, and that made all the difference. It wasn’t about following someone else’s plan; it was about creating a way of eating that worked for me.

So, is keto right for you? Only you can answer that. But if you’re looking for a way to nourish your body, improve your health, and create lasting change, keto might just be the key. Take some time to reflect on your goals and what you’re willing to commit to. Remember, this is your journey, and you get to decide what’s best for you.

Getting Started with Keto

So, you’ve decided to give keto a try—awesome! But before you dive in, let’s get real about what it’s like to start this journey. I’m not going to sugarcoat it: The first few weeks of keto can be tough. It’s a big shift for your body, and you might experience what’s commonly known as the “keto flu”—that sluggish, foggy feeling that happens as your body transitions from burning carbs to burning fat. But don’t let that scare you off. The key is to set realistic expectations and ease into keto in a way that doesn’t feel overwhelming.

First things first: This isn’t a quick fix. Keto is a lifestyle change, not a crash diet. If you go into it thinking you’re going to lose 20 pounds in a week and be done, you’re setting yourself up for disappointment. Instead, focus on the long game. Keto is about nourishing your body and creating sustainable habits that will support your health in the long run. Yes, you might see some initial weight loss, but the real magic happens when you stick with it and let your body adjust over time.

To make this transition easier, start by gradually reducing your carb intake instead of cutting them out all at once. If you’re used to eating a lot of bread, pasta, or sugary snacks, suddenly eliminating all of them can feel like a shock to your system. Try cutting back slowly over a week or two so your body has time to adapt. This can also help minimize those keto flu symptoms and make the process feel more manageable.

Another tip? Focus on adding healthy fats and proteins to your meals, rather than just thinking about what you’re cutting out. Avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, and fatty fish like salmon are all great sources of healthy fats that will help you feel satisfied and keep your energy levels up. Pair these with high-quality proteins, like grass-fed meat or organic poultry, and you’ll have a solid foundation to build your meals around.

Of course, you’re going to face some challenges along the way. The first week can be particularly rough as your body adapts, and cravings might hit you hard. That’s normal. The key is to have a plan in place for when those cravings strike. Keep keto-friendly snacks on hand—like a handful of nuts, a boiled egg, or some cheese—so you’re not reaching for something that will derail your progress. And remember, this is a learning process. You don’t have to get it perfect right out of the gate. Give yourself some grace as you figure out what works best for you.

Ultimately, getting started with keto is about setting yourself up for success by making small, intentional changes. You don’t need to do everything all at once. Take it one day at a time, listen to your body, and trust that you’re on the right path. The results will come, and when they do, you’ll be glad you stuck with it.

Keto and Emotional Eating: Finding the Balance

Let’s get real about something many of us struggle with: emotional eating. I’ve been there too—reaching for that bag of chips or a chocolate bar when the stress of the day just feels like too much. Emotional eating is something many of us have done, often without even realizing it, and it can be a tricky habit to break, especially when you’re making big changes to your diet like starting keto.

The thing about emotional eating is that it’s rarely about hunger. It’s about using food to soothe emotions we don’t want to deal with—stress, anxiety, boredom, loneliness, you name it. But when you’re on keto, and your food choices are more limited, those old habits can sneak up on you. The cravings don’t just disappear because you’ve changed your diet. In fact, they might even get stronger in the beginning as your body adjusts to the new way of eating.

So how do you find balance? The first step is awareness. Start paying attention to the times when you feel like reaching for a snack, and ask yourself: Am I really hungry, or is something else going on? This simple question can help you tune into your body and your emotions, and it can be a powerful tool for breaking the cycle of emotional eating. If it’s not hunger, try to identify what you’re really feeling. Is it stress? Frustration? Loneliness? Once you know what’s behind the craving, you can start finding healthier ways to cope with those emotions that don’t involve food.

Here’s where keto can actually help. Because keto focuses on whole, nutrient-dense foods that keep your blood sugar stable, you’re less likely to experience the energy crashes that often trigger emotional eating. When your blood sugar is steady, you won’t feel those sudden, intense cravings that make you want to reach for the nearest snack. Plus, the healthy fats in a keto diet can help you feel more satisfied and less likely to eat out of boredom or habit.

But it’s not just about what you eat; it’s also about how you approach food. Mindful eating is key on keto. That means being present when you eat, paying attention to the flavors and textures of your food, and really savoring each bite. When you eat mindfully, you’re more likely to feel satisfied with your meal and less likely to turn to food for comfort later on.

I’ve found that having a plan in place for those tough emotional moments can make all the difference. Whether it’s going for a walk, practicing deep breathing, or calling a friend, find something that helps you deal with your emotions in a healthy way. It’s all about finding new tools to manage those feelings instead of turning to food. Remember, you’re not alone in this. We all struggle with emotional eating from time to time, but with awareness and the right strategies, you can find a healthier balance and stay on track with your keto journey.

Meal Planning and Prep: Making Keto Work in Your Busy Life

Let’s be real—life is busy. Whether you’re juggling work, family, or just trying to find a little time for yourself, making keto work in a hectic schedule can feel overwhelming. But here’s the thing: Meal planning and prep can make all the difference. With a little bit of strategy, you can set yourself up for success and make keto fit seamlessly into your routine.

First, let’s talk about meal planning. When you’re on keto, planning your meals ahead of time isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s essential. Without a plan, it’s easy to fall into the trap of grabbing whatever’s convenient, which often isn’t keto-friendly. I recommend taking some time at the beginning of each week to map out your meals. Start by thinking about what you already enjoy eating and find ways to make those meals keto-friendly. For example, if you love taco night, swap out the tortillas for lettuce wraps or low-carb tortillas, and you’re good to go.

Now, I know that meal planning can feel daunting, especially if you’re not used to it. But it doesn’t have to be complicated. Keep it simple by focusing on meals that are easy to prepare and don’t require a ton of ingredients. Think roasted veggies with a healthy fat, grilled chicken with avocado, or a big salad topped with nuts and seeds. You don’t need to create gourmet meals every night—just focus on whole, nourishing foods that will keep you satisfied and on track.

Once you’ve got your meals planned, it’s time to think about meal prep. Prepping your meals ahead of time can save you so much time and stress during the week. Spend a couple of hours on the weekend chopping veggies, grilling proteins, and portioning out snacks, so when the busy weekdays hit, you’ve got everything ready to go. Trust me, when you come home after a long day and have a keto-friendly dinner already prepped, you’ll thank yourself for the effort.

One of the best ways to stay consistent with keto is to have go-to recipes that are easy to make and that you actually enjoy eating. I have a few favorites that I turn to again and again—like a simple avocado and egg salad, or grilled salmon with asparagus. These meals are quick, delicious, and packed with the healthy fats and proteins your body needs on keto.

And here’s a tip: Make enough to have leftovers. Cooking once and eating twice (or even three times) is a game-changer when you’re busy. Double up on your recipes so you can have lunches or dinners ready to go for the next day. It cuts down on cooking time and keeps you from making last-minute, less-than-ideal food choices.

Finally, remember that keto doesn’t have to be rigid. Flexibility is key, especially when life gets hectic. If you don’t have time to cook, it’s okay to rely on simple, no-cook meals like a handful of nuts, some deli meat, or a keto-friendly protein shake. The goal is to keep it sustainable and realistic for your life. By planning and prepping ahead, you’ll set yourself up for success and make keto a part of your routine, no matter how busy life gets.

Navigating Social Situations on Keto

Let’s talk about one of the biggest challenges with any diet—social situations. Whether it’s a dinner party, a family gathering, or just grabbing lunch with friends, social events can feel like a minefield when you’re trying to stick to keto. But here’s the thing: You don’t have to choose between enjoying yourself and staying on track. With a little preparation and a flexible mindset, you can navigate these situations without feeling deprived.

If you’re heading to a dinner party, reach out to the host ahead of time and offer to bring a keto-friendly dish that you know you and others will enjoy. Something simple like a veggie platter with guacamole, a meat and cheese board, or a big salad can be a lifesaver when everyone else is reaching for the carb-heavy options.

Eating out at restaurants can be tricky, but it’s not impossible. Most menus these days offer options that can easily be made keto-friendly. Stick to grilled meats, salads, and veggies, and don’t be afraid to ask for substitutions. Swap out fries for a side of greens, ask for dressings and sauces on the side, and choose dishes that are naturally low in carbs. One of my go-to strategies is to check the menu online before I head out. That way, I can make my choices ahead of time and avoid feeling pressured in the moment.

Now, let’s address the comments and questions that inevitably come up when you’re at social events. You know the ones: “Are you really not going to eat any cake?” or “How can you not eat carbs?” These can be tough to navigate, especially when they come from well-meaning friends and family. My advice? Keep it simple. You don’t owe anyone a detailed explanation of your choices. A polite, “I’m trying something new and feeling great,” is often enough to redirect the conversation.

And here’s a little reminder: It’s okay to indulge occasionally. Social situations are a part of life, and it’s important to strike a balance between staying on track and allowing yourself to enjoy special moments. If you choose to have a small treat, do it mindfully and without guilt. One meal isn’t going to derail your progress. The key is to get back on track afterward and continue making choices that support your health.

Remember, keto is a lifestyle, not a prison. Socializing is a big part of life, and it’s possible to enjoy these moments without compromising your goals. With a bit of planning, a flexible mindset, and a focus on what really matters—connection and enjoyment—you can navigate any social situation while staying true to your keto journey.

The Role of Exercise on Keto

When people start keto, one of the most common questions I hear is, “What about exercise?” Let’s get one thing clear: You don’t have to be a gym rat to succeed on keto. But that doesn’t mean exercise isn’t important. In fact, it can be a powerful complement to your keto journey, helping you feel stronger, more energized, and more connected to your body.

Now, I’m not talking about punishing yourself with hours of cardio or lifting weights every day. That’s not sustainable, and it’s certainly not necessary. The best exercise routine is the one that fits into your life and makes you feel good. Whether it’s walking, yoga, swimming, or something more intense like HIIT (high-intensity interval training), the goal is to move your body in ways that you enjoy.

One of the benefits of keto is that it can actually enhance your workouts. When your body is in ketosis and burning fat for fuel, you’ll likely find that you have more consistent energy throughout the day. No more mid-afternoon crashes or struggling to get through a workout because you’re running on empty. This steady energy can make exercise feel less like a chore and more like something you look forward to.

That being said, if you’re new to keto, it’s important to give your body time to adjust before diving into a heavy exercise routine. Remember, your body is transitioning from burning carbs to burning fat, and that process takes time. During the first few weeks of keto, keep your workouts light and manageable—think gentle walks or stretching. As your body adapts, you can gradually increase the intensity of your workouts based on how you’re feeling.

And let’s talk about another common concern: muscle loss. Some people worry that they’ll lose muscle on keto because they’re not eating as many carbs, but the reality is that as long as you’re getting enough protein and staying active, you can maintain and even build muscle on keto. Just be sure to include plenty of high-quality protein sources in your meals, like grass-fed meat, eggs, and fish.

The bottom line? Exercise and keto can work hand-in-hand to support your overall health. But it’s important to listen to your body and find a routine that feels sustainable for you. There’s no need to overdo it—just focus on moving regularly, enjoying the process, and watching how your body responds. Over time, you’ll find the balance that works for you, and you’ll feel stronger, healthier, and more in tune with your body than ever before.

Overcoming Keto Plateaus

Okay, let’s talk about something that can happen to all of us: hitting a plateau. It’s frustrating, I know. You’re doing everything right, following your keto plan, and then suddenly, the scale won’t budge. You feel stuck. But here’s the thing—plateaus are completely normal, and they don’t mean you’re doing anything wrong. They’re just your body’s way of recalibrating and adjusting to the changes you’ve made. The good news is, there are ways to push through a plateau without feeling like you’re back at square one.

First off, take a deep breath. A plateau doesn’t mean you’ve failed, and it doesn’t mean that keto isn’t working anymore. Often, it’s your body’s way of stabilizing after an initial period of weight loss. This is especially true if you’ve lost a significant amount of weight already—your metabolism needs time to catch up with the changes.

One of the first things I recommend when you hit a plateau is to reassess your macros. As your body changes, your nutritional needs do too. You might need to adjust your fat, protein, and carb intake to match where you are in your journey. Sometimes, we get so comfortable with our routine that we forget to check in and see if it’s still serving us. A slight tweak to your diet can make a big difference.

Another strategy is to mix things up with intermittent fasting. Fasting can give your body a break and help it reset. There are different ways to approach intermittent fasting, but one of the most common methods is the 16:8 window—fasting for 16 hours and eating within an 8-hour period. It might sound intimidating at first, but once you get the hang of it, it can be a powerful tool for breaking through a plateau.

Increasing your activity level is another option. If you’ve been sticking to light workouts, try adding in some strength training or higher-intensity exercises. Building muscle helps boost your metabolism, which can help you break through that weight loss plateau. But remember, this isn’t about punishing your body—it’s about finding new ways to challenge yourself and keep things interesting.

And don’t forget about stress. Yep, stress can play a huge role in weight loss plateaus. When we’re stressed, our bodies release cortisol, which can make it harder to lose weight, especially around the belly. If you’re feeling stressed out, it might be time to focus on stress reduction techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or even just taking some time for yourself to relax and recharge.

Finally, remember that progress isn’t just about the number on the scale. Non-scale victories, like how your clothes fit, your energy levels, or improvements in your overall health, are just as important. Don’t let the scale be your only measure of success. Keto is about long-term health, and plateaus are just a part of that journey. With a few adjustments and some patience, you’ll push through and continue making progress.

Listening to Your Body: When Keto Needs Adjusting

Here’s the thing about any lifestyle change: It’s not static. Just because something worked for you in the beginning doesn’t mean it’s going to work forever. Our bodies are constantly evolving, and what we need changes over time. That’s why it’s so important to listen to your body and adjust as needed, especially on keto.

One of the biggest lessons I’ve learned on my own health journey is that you have to be flexible. When you’re on keto, there might come a time when things stop working the way they used to. Maybe you’re feeling more tired than usual, or you’re not recovering as quickly after workouts. Maybe your digestion is off, or you’re just not feeling as good as you did when you first started. These are all signs that your body might need a little adjustment.

So, what do you do when this happens? The first step is to tune in and get curious. Ask yourself how you’re feeling, not just physically, but mentally and emotionally too. Are you feeling nourished and energized, or are you feeling depleted? Are you enjoying your meals, or are you starting to dread them? Your body is always sending you signals, and it’s up to you to pay attention to them.

If you’re feeling off, it might be time to tweak your approach. This could mean adding more variety to your meals, increasing your carb intake slightly (yes, that’s allowed!), or even taking a break from keto for a little while. Some people find that cycling in and out of keto works best for them—going keto for a few weeks, then adding in more carbs for a period of time before going back to keto. It’s all about finding what works for you and being willing to experiment.

And let’s talk about hunger cues. When you’re on keto, it’s easy to fall into the mindset of “I can eat as much as I want as long as it’s low-carb.” But even on keto, it’s important to listen to your body’s hunger and fullness signals. Just because something is keto-friendly doesn’t mean you should eat it mindlessly. Practice mindful eating, and pay attention to when you’re truly hungry versus when you’re eating out of habit or boredom.

Another area to consider is your relationship with food. If you find yourself feeling overly restrictive or stressed about your food choices, it might be time to step back and re-evaluate. Keto is a tool, not a rulebook. It should support your health and well-being, not become a source of anxiety. Sometimes, giving yourself permission to be a little more flexible can actually lead to better results in the long run.

Remember, this is your journey. You have the power to make adjustments based on what your body needs. Keto isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach, and there’s no “right” way to do it. The goal is to feel good in your body and create a lifestyle that supports your health. If that means making some changes along the way, that’s okay. Trust yourself, listen to your body, and know that it’s all part of the process.

Building a Support System on Your Keto Journey

We’ve all heard the saying, “It takes a village,” and that’s especially true when you’re making big changes in your life, like starting keto. Having a solid support system can make all the difference in staying motivated, overcoming challenges, and celebrating your wins along the way.

When I first started making changes to my diet, I quickly realized that going it alone was tough. Sure, I could read all the books and follow all the advice, but there’s something powerful about connecting with others who are on the same path. That sense of community and accountability can keep you going, even on the days when you feel like giving up.

So, where do you find support? Start with your inner circle. Talk to your family and friends about your goals and why keto is important to you. Let them know how they can help, whether that’s by being mindful of your food choices when you’re together or simply offering encouragement along the way. The people closest to you may not always understand keto, but if they care about you, they’ll want to support you however they can.

Beyond your immediate circle, look for like-minded individuals who share your goals. This could be through online communities, local meetup groups, or even a group of coworkers who are also on a health journey. Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram are full of keto groups where you can connect with others, share tips, and ask for advice. One of the things I love most about these communities is that they’re full of people who “get it.” They know what you’re going through, and they’re there to offer support and celebrate your victories, big or small.

But don’t just stop at finding support—be someone else’s support too. Helping others on their keto journey can be incredibly rewarding and can also keep you accountable to your own goals. Whether it’s offering a word of encouragement, sharing a recipe, or just being there to listen, you can play a crucial role in someone else’s success, and that creates a ripple effect of positivity in the community.

And of course, I’m here to help as well. I believe so strongly in the power of community, which is why I’ve created spaces where we can all connect and support each other. Whether it’s through my online groups, Instagram, or live sessions, I’m here to offer guidance and encouragement. We’re all in this together, and having that sense of community makes the journey so much more impactful.

So, don’t go it alone. Surround yourself with people who lift you up, who understand your challenges, and who celebrate your progress. Building a support system isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s essential for long-term success on your keto journey.

Keto as a Lifestyle, Not a Quick Fix

Let’s get one thing straight: Keto isn’t just another diet trend—it’s a lifestyle. If you’re looking for a quick fix, something that will magically make all your problems disappear in a matter of weeks, keto isn’t it. But if you’re ready to commit to a way of eating that supports your long-term health and well-being, keto can be a powerful tool.

When you approach keto as a lifestyle, rather than a temporary diet, everything changes. It’s no longer about following strict rules or obsessing over the scale. Instead, it becomes about making choices that support your health every day, in a way that feels sustainable for the long haul.

One of the biggest mistakes people make when starting keto is treating it like a short-term solution. They dive in, go all out for a few weeks, and then, when the initial excitement wears off or they hit a bump in the road, they give up and go back to their old habits. But keto isn’t about perfection—it’s about consistency. It’s about making small, sustainable changes that add up over time and lead to lasting results.

So, how do you make keto a lifestyle? It starts with shifting your mindset. Instead of thinking about what you “can’t” have, focus on all the delicious, nourishing foods that you can enjoy. Instead of treating keto as something you’re “on” or “off,” see it as a way of fueling your body with the nutrients it needs to thrive. And instead of being hard on yourself for not being perfect, celebrate your progress and the positive changes you’re making.

Flexibility is key when it comes to making keto a lifestyle. Life is going to happen—there will be vacations, holidays, and unexpected events that throw you off your routine. And that’s okay. The goal isn’t to be perfect 100% of the time; it’s to find a balance that works for you. If you slip up or decide to indulge in something that’s not keto-friendly, don’t beat yourself up. Just get back on track with your next meal and keep moving forward.

And remember, keto is just one part of the bigger picture of your health. It’s important to take a holistic approach that includes other aspects of wellness, like exercise, sleep, stress management, and self-care. When you see keto as a lifestyle, it becomes a foundation for your overall health, not just a quick fix to drop a few pounds.

Ultimately, the goal is to create a way of living that feels good for you—physically, mentally, and emotionally. Keto can be a powerful tool on that journey, but it’s not the whole story. By embracing keto as part of a balanced, sustainable lifestyle, you’ll set yourself up for long-term success and a healthier, happier life.